Citing Sources - APA Style

Book

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher.

Stevenson, B. (2014). Just mercy: A story of justice and redemption. Scribe Publications.

Book with Multiple Authors

Author’s Last Name, & Second Author’s Last Name and First Initial. Middle Initial if given (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher.

Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. M. (2017). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

Book Chapter of Book with Editors

Chapter Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given. (Year of Publication). Title of Chapter. In Editors First Initial of First Name. Initial of Middle name if given. Last Name (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition., pp. xx-xx). Publisher.

Elkana, Y. (1975). The problem of knowledge. In Weiss, P. A. (Ed.), Knowledge in search of understanding: The Frensham papers (pp.91-104). Futura Publishing Company, Inc.

Note: For works with editors, write the word “In” followed by the Last Name of the editors. If there is one editor, follow that editor’s name with “(Ed.)”  If there are more than one, follow with “(Eds.)”

E-Book with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or URL

Authors’ Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle. http://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxx OR URL of the home page of the e-book provided.

Example – With DOI:

Samanez – Larkin, G.R. (Ed.) (2019). The aging brain: Functional adaptations across adulthood. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000143-000

Example - With a URL:

Lenarz, T., & Wriggers, P. (2014). Biomedical Technology. http://www.eblib.com.

Note: The Digital Object Identifier (or DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string that provides a persistent link to its location on the Internet of the item. It is typically located on the first page of an article near the copyright notice, and it starts with https://doi.org/ OR “ http://dxdoi.org” OR “DOI” and is followed by a string of letters and numbers.

E– Book Chapter with DOI or URL

Chapter Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given. (Year of Publication). Title of Chapter. Editor's First Initial of First Name. Initial of Middle Name if given. Last Name &. Second editor's First Initial of First Name. Initial of Middle Name if given. Last Name (Eds.), Book Title: Subtitle if given (Edition if given, pp. xx-xx).  Publisher Name. http://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxx OR URL of the home page of the e-book provider.

Example - With URL:

Tafoya, N. & Del Vecchio, A. (2005). Back to the future: An examination of the Native American Holocaust experience. In M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, & N. Garcia- Preto (Eds.), Ethnicity and family therapy (3rd ed, pp. 55-63).  Guilford Press. http://a.co/36xRhBT.

Example with a DOI:

Jenkins, S. (2018). Perspectives on behavioral development. In R. Gibb & B. Kolb (Eds.), The neurology of brain and behavioral development (pp. 29-80). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-00695-5.

Note: Works Cited or Reference pages will be double-spaced like the rest of the paper and they will also have a unique indent when text continues onto another line. When text continues onto the next line, the next line should be indented 1/2 inch. This is called a second line indent, reverse indent, or Hanging Indents.

Webpage on a Website with a Named Author

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given (Year, Month, day if provided) Site name. https://XXXX.

Martin Lille, C.M. (2016, December 29) Be kind to yourself: How self-compassion can improve your resiliency.  Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth-self-comparison-improve-your-resiliency/art-20267193.

Webpage with Company or Organization as Author

Name of Company or Agency or Organization (Year, Month, day if provided). Site name. https://XXXX.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related complications. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm.

Note: When the author and site name are the same, omit the name from the source element.

Webpage on a News Website

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given (Year, Month, day if provided) Site name. https://xxxx.

Avramova, N. (2019, January 3). The secret to a long, happy healthy life? Think age positive. CNN. https://cnn.com/2019/01/03/health/respect-towrad-elderly-leades-to-long-life-intl/index.html.

Webpage on a Website With No Date

Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given (n.d.) Site name. https://XXXX.

National Nurses United (n.d). What employers should do to protect nurses from Zika. https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/pages/what-employers-should-do-to-protect-ms-from-zika.

Note: If there is no date, place “n.d.” in parentheses (n.d.) after the name of the author.

Note: Works Cited or Reference pages will be double-spaced like the rest of the paper and they will also have a unique indent when text continues onto another line. When text continues onto the next line, the next line should be indented 1/2 inch. This is called a second line indent, reverse indent, or Hanging Indents.

Image Viewed In Person

Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title [Description of format]. Publisher or venue, Location of Publisher or Venue.

Leibovitz, A. (2021). Kate Moss, Paris, 1999 [Photograph]. Houser & Wirth Southampton, Southampton, NY.

Image Viewed Online

Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title [Description of format]. Publisher or venue, Location of Publisher or Venue. Webpage URL.

Barnes, E. (1976). Sugar Shack [Painting]. California African American Museum, Los Angeles, CA. https://caamuseum.org/exhibitions/2019/ernie-barnes-a-retrospectivelocale=en.

Untitled Image From A Print Magazine

Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title [Description of format]. Publisher or venue, Location of image in publication.

Mills, D. (2022). [Image of Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson raising her right hand]. Ms., p. 48.

Note: Works Cited or Reference pages will be double-spaced like the rest of the paper and they will also have a unique indent when text continues onto another line. When text continues onto the next line, the next line should be indented 1/2 inch. This is called a second line indent, reverse indent, or Hanging Indents.

Album

Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Album Title [Description of Media]. Record Label. 

Bowie, D. (1972). The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars [Album]. RCA.

Song From An Album

Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Song Title [Description of Media]. On Album Title. Record Label. 

DiFranco, A. (1996). Joyful Girl [Song]. On Dilate. Righteous Babe Records.

Note: Works Cited or Reference pages will be double-spaced like the rest of the paper and they will also have a unique indent when text continues onto another line. When text continues onto the next line, the next line should be indented 1/2 inch. This is called a second line indent, reverse indent, or Hanging Indents.

Facebook

Author’s Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial if given. (Year, Month Date). First twenty words of the post [Description of audiovisuals]. Site Name. Retrieved Month Date, Year from URL

New York Times. (2022, May 13). The number of known Covid deaths in the U.S. will soon reach one million. Listeners of The Daily share memories. [Photo of American flags at half-mast]. Facebook. Retrieved May 13, 2022. https://www.facebook.com/nytimes/posts/pfbid02V7znGgRgbD5x2xDeYqGLLh2B7f87SK7K5cu3cTqBkXMJeR8gTzXtSjdaHQDvvCd5l?__cft__[0]=AZX2-dF4zFsWyDpu_rDds5DNata_iMUKxpaVuBfHSptd_RnC4DmrXnlFrvNPbZjzwWZs0xAKLCvoAOKG4pEDITzV9ctT5__11z6075njCzI1q11z_1Fyb_OOrcUV6H--roun_9CtO_SnN_SBbm3myvQzo1Khp7uUcW8WI3VGbtxigw&__tn__=%2CO%2CP-R

Twitter and Instagram

Author’s Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial if given. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). First twenty words of the tweet [Description of audiovisuals]. Site Name. URL

Styles, H. [@Harry-Styles]. (2016, March 14). Burgers [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/Harry_Styles/status/709389141235130368?s=20&t=o1kACUasBZlLP_Dk4hnIcQ

YouTube or Other Streaming Video

Author’s last name, First Initial. Middle Initial if given. [Username]. (Year, Month, Day). Title of video [Video]. http://XXXXXXXXXX.

Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (2016, September 30). How to diagram a sentence (Absolute basics) [Video]. YouTube. http://youtube/deiEY5Yq1q/.

Note: Credit the person/group as the author for retrievability the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work.

Note: Works Cited or Reference pages will be double-spaced like the rest of the paper and they will also have a unique indent when text continues onto another line. When text continues onto the next line, the next line should be indented 1/2 inch. This is called a second line indent, reverse indent, or Hanging Indents.